What is the most common complication associated with peritoneal dialysis?

Peritonitis is the most common complication associated with peritoneal dialysis because it involves the infection of the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity. This condition often arises due to the introduction of bacteria during the dialysis process, particularly through the catheter used for the procedure. The risk of peritonitis increases if aseptic techniques are not strictly followed during the exchange process. Symptoms of peritonitis can include abdominal pain, cloudy dialysate fluid, fever, and other systemic signs of infection.

This complication is significant due to its potential to lead to severe health issues, requiring treatment with antibiotics and, in some cases, hospitalization or changes in dialysis modality if recurrent. Thus, understanding peritonitis and its prevention is crucial for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis to ensure their safety and the efficacy of the treatment.